The account of his life of service to the Orthodox Tewahedo Church began on a very sad note. At the age of seven
years our Saint suffered the terrible loss of his earthly father (Isaac). His Mother (Christian), being a pious women, sent
him to live with his Uncle, Gedewon, who was a wise and learned man serving at the Cathedral of St. Mary of Zion in the Imperial
City of Axum.
Over a period of Twenty-five years St. Yared learned
from his Uncle knowledge of Sacred Theology, Church Music and History. After the death of his Uncle, St. Yared took over the
great task of his Uncle and became a talented teacher of the Churches Sacred Theology as well as the Sacred Scriptures of
the Old and New Testaments. As would be expected he was ordained a Deacon; then married and later was ordained to the Priesthood.
In or around the year 500 A.D. St. Yared began have contacts with the Nine Monks
who came from Alexandria to translate the Sacred Scriptures, Liturgical books etc into the spoken language of the Ethiopian
people at that time, Ge'ez. The most ancient tradition of the Church is for the Sacred Scriptures and Liturgical books
etc, to be in the language of the people. One of the Nine Monastic Fathers, an Abba Pantelewon, remained in Axum. St. Yared
acquired a great deal of information from Abba Pantelewon about the Liturgical traditions, customs and way of life of those
who lived in the West. From his desire to learn more, St. Yared visited the eastern Roman Imperial Capital of Constantinople
twice. There he observed and learned of the Liturgical traditions, customs and way of life of those living in the eastern
Capital of the Roman Empire.
From his exposure to the Liturgical
and musical traditions of the Churches, St. Yared began to compose the music used for the Ethiopian Church. Of his works (skillfully
rooted in the Old and New Testaments) the music all speaks of the Creation, Prophecies and the life of Christ (His Advent,
Incarnation, Nativity, Baptism, Saving acts, Crucifixion, Death, Resurrection, Ascension and His Second Coming) while also
reflecting the national heritage and ideals of the Ethiopia and its people.
During the reign of Emperor Gabre Masqal (A.D. 55O-64), Saint Yared compiled the famous Mazgeba Deggua (Hymn of Sorrow).
It includes three main stages: 1. "Ge'ez," the first stage of song; 2. "Uzil," the second stage,
to be sung together with the first; and 3. 'Ararai," a sorrowful, plaintive song. The original Mazgeba Deggua
composition is believed to have been written by St. Yared himself, and can be found today in one of the oldest Monasteries
of Ethiopia, which located on Lake Tana, the Tana Krikos Monastery, were for two years the Saint lived. After this period
he went to Gaient and built the Church of Saint Mary at Zur Amba. It is said that the Emperor, Abba Aragawi, and St. Yared,
while going to the hill on which they built the Church, had difficulty finding their way until a guide from God came to them
and said to Abba Aragawi, "Zur Abba Mengale Misraq,..." which means "Abba, turn to the east; you will find
the way to the hill." The place is now called Zur Amba because of this miracle, for through the grace of God, they were
able to find the right way and to build the Church there. At this particular place Saint Yared taught Zimmare and Mewasit
for three years. Since then Zur Amba has become the seat of the principal of the Zimmare and Mewasit faculty. After three
years in Gaeint, Saint Yared came back to Axum and Medebaytabir, where he composed the fourteen Anaphoras. He then went to
Telenit, and there he c'om posed the Merraf, which is the Psalm of David. Afterward he traveled to Wagara and Agew, teaching
and performing his duties.
St. Yared begins his works with the words,
"Halleluiah to the Father, Halleluiah to the Son, Halleluiah to the Holy Spirit." His divine composition is from
the Old and New Testaments and from the works of the Church Fathers: Saint Athanasius, Saint John Chrysostom, and Saint Cyril.
His work is intricately done, with words suitable for prayers and for the glorification of Almighty God.
Though he visited the eastern Roman Capital City of Constantinople, his work is uniquely
Ethiopian, bearing no resemblance to Western or Greek notation. It consists of Ge'ez syllabic characters and projects
the tradition and culture of the Ethiopian people.
St. Yared's
hymns are divided into four parts characterizing the four seasons of the year: "Messow" (Fall), "Hagie"
(Summer), "Tseday" (Spring) and "Kiramt" (Winter) and were planned to bring a greater sense of reality
in the praise of the people. The different sounds of his chants indicate the joy or sorrow and brave determination of the
Christian Ethiopian.
Finally, as a holy man, Saint Yared died
in one of the Monasteries of the northeast, on May 11, AD. 571, according to the Ethiopian calendar. Gabre Maskqal also died
between A.D. 570-80 and was buried at Enda Kaleb, near his father.
St.
Yared's sacred works were continued by his students Sawiros, Sandros, and Beldados. Following the method and philosophy
of the saint, these three men were able to preserve for generations to come the glorious works of a beloved Saint of
the Ethiopian Orthodox church.
According to the Book of Yared, the
following students are responsible, as disciples, for the continuation of the great work of the noble saint: Yared, Sawiros,
Sandros, Beldados, Keffa, Gabru, Abba Gera, and Abba Georgis, who was the teacher of Lisane Eferat, the Debtera of Bethlehem,
in Begemdir Province.
Lisane Eferat wrote a book of Deggua with
notation (1434-68 A.D.) during the reign of Emperor Zera Yacob. Between the time of the reign of Emperor Lebna Dengel and
Sersa Dengel, it was very difficult to find any ecclesiastical books throughout the country (because of the unfortunate
destruction by the Islamic invader Ahmed Gran) of canonical and historical properties of the Ethiopian Christian Churches.
Through God's grace, however, one book of Deggua similar to the one written by Lisane Eferat was found ad Sede Gagne Georgis,
near Bethlehem. This finding made Bethlehem the seat of the principal for the faculty of Zema, Deggua, Meeraf and Tsome Deggua.
This was done by the imperial orders of Emperor Sersa Dengel in A. D. 1553 (Ethiopian calendar).
After Lisane Eferat, the list of disciples continues with ZekaleAb, Ichege kale Awadi,
Hinsa Haimanot, tetemqe Madhim Wolde Melekot, Sersa Mariam, Kinfe Michael, Gabre Egziabher, and Gabre Madhin.
In later years other works of Saint Yared were found all over the country. Original
manuscripts were found in Wollo Province at Debre Nagodgad Church, Atronsa Mariam, and Tedbaba Mariam in Tigre Province at
Abba Gerima Monastery, in Shoa Province at Debre Libanos Monastery, and in Gojam Province at Mertula Mariam.
It is said that the notation of the Deggua was rearranged by two well-known scholars,
Azzaze Gerra and Azzaze Raguel, who were appointed to serve as debteras at the Church of Tadbaba Mariam during the reign
of Emperor Galawdewos in (1540-1559).
Except for certain Monasteries
where the Rule of the Monks is a silent discipline, the works of Saint Yared can be heard throughout all the land of Ethiopia
to this very today.